o3
A good performance / EU-hosting balance for a European company.
Overview
o3 uses a chain-of-thought architecture reinforced by RL: it "thinks" for several minutes before answering, making it extraordinarily strong on complex problems. It's the reference model for research, mathematical proofs, and algorithmic competitions. Cost and slowness reserve it for high-end use cases.
Skill profile
Three independent measures
What people prefer, what the model can do, what the market uses. Each source has its biases and none is enough on its own: we show them side by side, never blended.
What do these scores mean?
PhD-level science questions (physics, chemistry, biology), with no tool access.
Resolving real GitHub issues under real conditions (SWE-bench Verified).
Competition-level math problems.
General knowledge across dozens of academic subjects.
Python code generation from specifications.
Strengths
- Top-tier reasoning
- Excellent at code
- Strong French quality
- World-class on Arena
Limitations
- Average speed
Who is it for
- you need advanced reasoning or analysis
- you build with a coding agent
- you work in French
- your data must stay in the EU
- you need very fast responses
Ideal use cases
- Advanced math
- Scientific research
- Complex algorithms
- Proofs
- Competitions
Access & availability
Key specifications
What it costs per month
Estimate from sourced API prices and a hardware tier for self-hosting. Assumptions are editable.
Assumptions: 36-month amortisation, 0.25 €/kWh, 22 days/month, 1 $ = 0.92 €. Excludes labour, software licences, redundancy.
nAIvigate Trust Index
What the vendor offers and documents for professional use in Europe. An undocumented criterion counts as zero and stays visible: the score rises when the vendor publishes, not when we assume.
20/20 criteria documented · 100 %
See the criteria▾
Trust Index badge
Show this score in your docs, README or security page. It updates automatically.
[](https://naivigate.com/en/model/o3)Data & compliance
What we know, line by line, with source and date. These lines feed the Data and Enterprise families of the Trust Index above. GDPR compliance depends on your processing, not on the model alone.
| EU data residency | On request |
| Data processing agreement (DPA) | Yes |
| Transfer outside the EU | Depends on plan |
| Training on your data | No |
| Configurable retention | Yes |
| Zero Data Retention | On request |
| Self-hostable | No |
| Declared hosting | US/EU |
| Anonymisable data | Yes |
Quality of this card’s data
This score measures the quality of the data on this card: price, context, Elo, licence, documented, sourced and fresh. It measures neither the model nor its compliance: for that, see the Trust Index above.
6/6 documented · 3/6 primary sources
Advanced data · for expertsArchitecture, modalities, detailed cost, full benchmarks▾
| Arena Elo | 1432 |
| MMLU | 88.5% |
| GPQA | 87.7% |
| HumanEval | 96.0% |
| SWE-Bench | 71.7% |
| MATH | 96.7% |